Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading through Swarm Intelligent Stackelberg Game

The development of smart grids has paved the way for sustainable energy infrastructure to transition towards decentralized trading. As intelligent agents, sources engage in trading based on their surplus or deficit. Buyers and sellers (participants) should achieve maximum payoffs which buyers cut costs improve utilities, security sensitive information agents must be guaranteed. This paper provides a blockchain-based network where can exchange secure manner, without intervention third parties. We model as Stackelberg game, ensuring that platform maximizes social welfare while participants increase payoffs. Using inherited characteristics blockchain technology, novel swarm intelligence technique is applied solve game privacy agents’ information. numerical analysis demonstrates suggested method outperforms present methods (Constant Utility Optimization, average method...) optimizing objectives each agent by maximizing sellers’ utilities reducing buyers’ costs. In addition, experimental results demonstrate it significantly reduces carbon footprint (15%) enhancing between agents.